NUMBERS
1--ICHI
2--NI
3--SAN
4--SHI
5--GO
6--ROKU
7--SHICHI
8--HACHI
9--KU
10--JU
11--JU-ICHI
20--NI-JU
21--NI-JU-ICHI
30--SAN-JU
40--YON-JU
50--GO-JU
60--ROKU-JU
70--NANA-JU
80--HACHI-JU
90--KU-JU
100--HYAKU
GENERAL TERMINOLOGY
1. HA JIME--BEGIN
2. YAME--STOP
3. YOI--READY
4. KIME--FOCUS
5. WAZA--TECHNIQUE
6. KUMITE--SPARRING
7. JODAN--UPPER LEVEL
8. CHUDAN--MIDDLE LEVEL
9. GEDAN--LOWER LEVEL
10. MIGI--RIGHT
11. HIDARI--LEFT
12. USHIRO--BACK
13. KATA--FORM
14. KARATE--EMPTY HAND FIGHTING
15. KIAI--GUT YELL
16. SENSEI--TEACHER
17. SHIDAN--MASTER INSTRUCTOR
18. TATTE--STAND UP
19. OTAGAI NI--FACE EACH OTHER
20. SHOMEN NI--FACE FRONT
21. KIYOTSUKE--ATTENTION
22. SHUGO--LINE UP
23. SEIZA--KNEEL DOWN
24. REI--BOW
25. MOKUSO--MEDITATION
STANCES-DACHI
1. HESOKU DACHI - - - - - - - - - - FEET TOGETHER
2. MUSUBI DACHI- - - - - - - - - - STANCE OF ATTENTION. HEELS TOGETHER. FEET 45 DEGREE
3. HEIKO DACHI- - - - - - - - - FEET PARALLEL. SHOULDER WIDTH
4. SOTO HACHI MONJI DACHI - - - - - FEET SHOULDER WIDTH FEET AT 45 DEGREE ANGLE
5. UCHI HACHI MONJI DACHI - - - - - FEET WIDER THAN SHOULDER WIDTH. FEET PARALLEL
6. KIBA DACHI- - - - - - - - - ---- HORSE STANCE. VERY WIDE VERY DEEP FEET PARALLEL
7. SHIKO DACHI- - - - - - - - - - HORSE STANCE VERY VERY WIDE VERY DEEP. FEET 45 DEGREE
8. ZENKUTSU DACHI - - - - - - - - - FRONT STANCE
9. JI DACHI (RENO JI DACHI) - - - - "T" STANCE
10.NEKO ASHI DACHI - - - - - - - - -CAT STANCE
12.KIHON DACHI- - - - - - - - - - --NATURAL WALKING STANCE: LIKE SANCHIN
FEET PARALLEL
13.KOSA DACHI - - - - - - - - - - --REVERSING STANCE
14.SAGI ASHI DACHI - - - - - - - - -CRANE (HERON) STANCE
15.KOKUTSU DACHI- - - - - - - - - - ROOTED STANCE
16. Sanchin Dachi- - - - - - - - - -Sanchin Stance (Pigeon Toe or Hour Glass)
BLOCKS-UKE
1. JODAN UKE -----------------------------------------HIGH BLOCK
2. CHUDAN UKE ----------------------------------------MIDDLE BLOCK
3. GEDAN UKE -----------------------------------------LOW BLOCK
4. UCHI UKE ------------------------------------------INNER FOREARM
5. MAWASHI UKE----------------------------------------CIRCULAR BLOCK
6. KAKE UKE-------------------------------------------HOOKING BLOCK
7. KAKE URA UKE --------------------------------------REVERSED HOOKING BLOCK
8. MOROTO KAKE UKE----------------------------------- DOUBLE HOOKING BLOCK
9. SOE UKE------------------------------------------- UNION BLOCK
10. JUJI UKE -----------------------------------------CROSS BLOCK
11. NAGASHI UKE --------------------------------------RISING PUSH BLOCK
12. SHUTO UKE ----------------------------------------KNIFE HAND BLOCK
13. KOKEN UKE ----------------------------------------CRANE HEAD BLOCK
14. TEISHO UKE----------------------------------------PALM HEEL BLOCK
15. URA UKE ------------------------------------------BACK HAND BLOCK
16. OSAE UKE -----------------------------------------PRESS BLOCK
STRIKES-UCHI
1. SEIKEN ZUKI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -FRONT PUNCH
2. NUKITE ZUKI- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -SPEAR HAND
3. IPPON NUKITE ZUKI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -SINGLE FINGER STRIKE
4. NIHON NUKITE ZUKI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -DOUBLE FINGER STRIKE
5. STA ZUKI - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UPPER CUT (NOT EXTENDED)
6. AGE TSUKI - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -UPPER CUT (EXTENDED)
7. URA UCHI- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - -BACK HAND STRIKE
8. SHUTO UCHI- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - KNIFE HAND STRIKE
9. TETTSUI UCHI - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - HAMMERFIST
10. TAE ZUKI - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- - - -VERTICAL FIST
11. HAITO UCHI - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - RIDGE HAND STRIKE
12. KEIKO ATE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -CHICKEN BEAK STRIKE
13. KOKEN ATE - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -CRANE HEAD STRIKE
14. EMPI ATE- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -ELBOW SRIKE
15. TEISHO ATE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- PALM HEEL STRIKE
16. FURI UCHI- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -HOOK PUNCH
17. IPPON KEN ZUKI - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - SINGLE KNUCKLE PUNCH
KICKS-GERI
1. COGEN GERI - - - - - - - - - - - - - GROIN KICK
2. MAE GERI - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - FRONT BALL KICK
3. KOKATO GERI- - - - - - - - - - - - - -SHOMEN GERI) HEEL KICK
4. YOKO GERI- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - SIDE KICK
5. SEKUTO GERI - - - - - - - - - - - - - KNIFE EDGE KICK, FRONT
6. MAWASHI GERI - - - - - - -- - - - - - ROUND KICK
7. USHIRO GERI - - - - - - - - - - - - - BACK KICK (MULE)
8. KONSETSU GERI - - - - - - - - - - - - KNEE BREAK KICK
9. KAKE GERI - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -HOOK KICK
10. USHIRO MAWASHI GERI- - - - - - - - - WHEEL KICK
11. HIZA GERI - - - - - - - - - - - - - -KNEE KICK
12. USHIRO MAWASHI KAKE GERI - - - - ----SPINNING HOOK KICK
13. YOKO MAWASHI GERI - - - - - - - - - -SPIN SIDE KICK
14. YOKO TOBI GERI - - - - - - - - - - - JUMPING SIDE KICK
15. NIDAN GERI - - - - - - - - - - - - - DOUBLE KICK
16. USHIRO MAWASHI TOBI KAKE GERI - - - JUMP SPINNING HOOK
OKINAWAN KARATE BELT RANKING
White belt --------- 10 Kyu
Yellow belt--------- 9th Kyu
Orange belt--------- 8th Kyu
Purple Belt Black tip-------- 7th Kyu
Purple Belt ----------------- 6th Kyu
Green Belt black tip--------- 5th Kyu
Green Belt------------------- 4th Kyu (Yonkyu)
Brown Belt ------------------ 3rd Kyu (Sankyu)
Brown Belt ------------------ 2nd Kyu (Nikyu)
Brown Belt ------------------ 1st Kyu (Ikkyu)
Black Belt ------------------ Shodan (HO)
2nd Degree Black Belt-------- Nidan
3rd Degree Black Belt-------- Sandan
4th Degree Black Belt-------- Yondan (or Yodan)
5th Degree Black Belt ------- Godan
6th Degree Black Belt ------- Rokudan
7th Degree Black Belt-------- Shichidan
8th Degree Black Belt ------- Hachidan
9th Degree Black Belt ------- Kudan
10th Degree Black Belt ------ Judan (The Highest Level)
PRESSURE (VITAL) POINTS
A pressure point can be defined as 1) an area of the body which is especially vulnerable to injury or 2) an area at which incapacitating pain develops when it is attacked. Areas such as the windpipe, eyes, nose or the knees are sometimes identified as pressure points because of their vulnerability to injury (Tegner, 1986). They make ideal points for self defense because they are readily identifiable, easily reached, and exquisitely vulnerable. However, locations such as the eyes and the windpipe also represent high-risk-of-injury areas. These areas should only be attacked in life threatening situations because it is so easy to cause serious injury or even death by striking them.
There are also many areas of the body at which intense pain develops when they are attacked. At these points, energy can be transmitted into a nerve very effectively (Dillman, 1992). As a result, they are known as pressure points or nerve centers. Pressure points of this type occur where a nerve branch connects to a major nerve pathway or where several major nerves join together to form a nerve plexus. When such a point is stimulated by pressing or striking, the resulting pain registers on more than one nerve pathway. As a result, the brain receives signals from multiple nerves and the pain felt is amplified.
In Karate, nerve centers or pressure points are used to disable and to defeat our opponents. However, the same points are used in acupuncture and acupressure to heal the body and to restore balance to the body's systems. To the acupuncturist, a pressure point is a gate through which the body's healthful energies flow. By manipulating the gate, the flow of energy can be increased or decreased as required to restore the health and well-being of the patient. To the martial artist, these same points provide a means by which the body's flow of energy can be disrupted to quickly incapacitate an attacker.
Different pressure points respond to different kinds of stimulation. Some respond to striking, others to pressing or rubbing. In addition, the angle at which a pressure point is attacked is critical to proper activation. In many cases, the full effect of pressure point activation can only be felt if the angle of attack is such that the entire nerve plexus or connection is stimulated. Proper angles of attack together with specific method of stimulation must always be considered whenever a pressure point attack is undertaken.
The following are examples of some readily accessible pressure points:
PRESSURE POINTS OF THE NECK
These pressure points can be used to cause pain. Many neck points involve applying pressure to major arteries and blood vessels as well as nerve centers. Faintness and unconsciousness can result from attacking these points.
1. Location: Behind the jaw in the depression under the jaw.
Attack: Strike diagonally back to front.
Result: A strong blow can cause unconsciousness or dislocate the jaw. Grinding with the thumb or knuckle can cause intense pain.
2. Location: In depression behind the corner of the jaw.
Attack: Poke or press in and upward at a 45 degree angle toward the center of the head.
Result: Causes pain. Strong blow may dislocate jaw.
3. Location: Notch at bottom of jaw.
Attack: Hit on line 45 degrees toward the center of the head. Can use knuckle or fingertips to poke and roll inside the bone.
Result: Causes intense pain. Heel palm strike at correct angle can knock out attacker. Puts attacker off balance, jars head.
PRESSURE POINTS OF THE ARM
These pressure points can be used to control an attacker and to force him to the ground. They can also be used to control the hand and wrist to force an attacker to loosen his grip or to lose control of the fist.
1. Location: Front of arm, where the pulse is located on the thumb side of the wrist.
Attack: Press in toward the bone and up toward the wrist.
Result: Weakens the hand.
2. Location: On the little finger side of the front of the hand, approximately 1/2 inch below the wrist crease.
Attack: Press against the bone and toward the hand.
Result: Weakens the grip and the wrist.
3. Location: Inside of arm just below the inner knob of the elbow.
Attack: Strike or press.
Result: Causes the elbow to bend and the arm to go numb.
4. Location: Front of arm, 2 inches to 3 inches above the inside of the elbow.
Attack: Strike or grab.
Result: Causes the elbow to bend and pain to extend down the arm to the little finger.
5. Location: Back of arm, Mid-triceps.
Attack: Strike against bone to lock elbow and release shoulder.
Result: Combine strike with wrist grab to lock out shoulder and arm in control move to the ground.
PRESSURE POINTS OF THE LEG
These points can be used to immobilize an attacker, to distract an attacker, or, if required, to seriously damage the leg or knee.
1. Location: The back of the thigh just below the buttocks.
Attack: Kick.
Result: Immobilizes the leg.
2. Location: The middle of the inner thigh, halfway between the groin and the knee.
Attack: Kick with the toes or press hard with the knuckle.
Result: Pain can distract attacker. Hard strike can buckle the leg and force the opponent to the ground.
3. Location: The inside of the leg, halfway between the ankle bone and the lower edge of the calf muscle.
Attack: Kick from inside the leg with a rising motion.
Result: Causes the leg to become numb.
4. Location: Back of the leg just below the knee.
Attack: Stamping kick or toe kick.
Result: Forceful kicks cause extreme pain and may cause the muscle to spasm.
5. Location: The top of the foot where the 4th and 5th toe bones connect.
Attack: Stomp or, if the attacker is shoe less, strike with a single knuckle.
Result: Causes pain, distracts attacker, may fracture foot bones.
6. Location: Achilles Tendon at the back of the ankle.
Attack: Kick with edge of foot or shoe.
Result: Moderate kicks cause pain. Hard kicks may damage the tendon.
[For more details on specific pressure point locations and methods of attack, see books written by Dillman and Tegner on pressure points.]
Nerve center pressure point attacks make very effective attack points in self defense situations. Some martial arts (Aikido, for instance) are built almost entirely upon the application of pressure point knowledge. These points are used to control or to quickly incapacitate an opponent. Activation of a pressure point can cause excruciating pain capable of making almost any adversary back down. When the pressure point is released, the pain subsides. Therefore, compliance can be gained without inflicting serious injury. That is one advantage of pressure point attacks. However, there are also drawbacks.
Pressure points are generally only the size of the tip of a ball-point pen - the area of activation may be the size of a quarter (Dillman, 1992). In the excitement of an attack, pressure points can be elusive. In addition, physical variations in size and musculature often make a specific pressure point on a specific individual difficult to locate. You must be knowledgeable as well as skillful to carry out a successful attack. An individual's sensitivity to pain or his level of intoxication (by alcohol and/or drugs) can also effect the efficacy of a pressure point attack. You may make an accurate, proper pressure point attack and your adversary may be unaffected. You need a back-up plan, just in case, whenever you rely on such an attack.
Knowledge of pressure points and pressure point techniques is a useful addition to one's self defense arsenal. When appropriately used, they provide an effective means of controlling an adversary without necessarily inflicting serious injury. Listed below are a few pressure points on the human body.
